【linux】コマンドライン(bash)の操作を1.5倍早くするショートカット集
Posted: 2018-09-17
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目次
背景
linuxのコマンドライン上の操作に慣れてくると、だんだん上下左右キーなどホームポジションを外れることが嫌になってきませんか？
私は嫌になってきました。なんか作業が遅くなるので。
そんなlinux中級者(自称)の私がbashのショートカットを調べましたのでメモしておきたいと思います。
環境
基本的にはCentOSやAmazon Linuxを想定していますが、CLIがbashのlinuxなら基本的に大丈夫だと思います。
また基本的にデフォルト設定(bashrc等の修正は不要)で使えるはずです。
1. 上下左右のショートカット
まずは一番操作が多そうな、上下左右を代替するショートカットです。
これは以下の表のようなショートカットで実現できます。
| 上 | 下 | 左 | 右 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ctrl + p | Ctrl + n | Ctrl + b | Ctrl + f |
これはよく使う操作であるだけに効果も大きいですが、慣れるまで時間がかかるかと思います。
最初は違和感があるかと思いますが、根気強く使っていればそのうち慣れると思います。
2. Bs(バックスペース)とDel(デリート)
次に操作が多そうな前後の削除操作です。これもショートカットで代替できます。
| Bs | Del |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + h | Ctrl + d |
ちなみに２つの違いはCtrl + hが後ろの1文字を削除、 Ctrl + dが 前の1文字を削除 と言う動作をすることです。
3. 後方の文字列を削除
先ほどのBsは後方の1文字削除でしたが、もっと一気に消したい！と言う時があるかと思います。
そんな時は
Ctrl + w
で文字列ブロックをまとめて削除できます。
ちなみに文字列ブロックの区切りはスペースです。
4. 削除した文字列をペーストする
- の続きのようになりますが、先ほどのショートカットで削除した文字列はペースト(貼り付け)できます。
Ctrl + y
なので、3. は厳密には削除ではなくカットと言うわけです。
ちなみに2. の1文字削除で削除した文字はペーストできません。
5. 先頭・末尾に移動
次は、コマンドの先頭/末尾に移動するショートカットです。
パソコンやキーボードの種類によってはHomeとかEndのキーでできる操作です。
| 先頭に移動(Home) | 末尾に移動(End) |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + a | Ctrl + e |
これでとても長いコマンドの最後の方だけ修正したい場合でも素早く修正ができますね。
6. 過去実行したコマンドを検索する
最後はここまでとは少し毛色の違う内容です。
過去実行したコマンドというのはhistoryコマンドで確認できますが、コマンドの内容から検索することができます。
ショートカットは
Ctrl + r
です。実行すると
(reverse-i-search)`vim': vim test.txt
このように見えます。上の例ではvimという文字列を検索しています。右側のvim test.txtが検索にヒットしたコマンドです。
このコマンドではない場合はさらに検索文字列を増やすか、再度Ctrl + rで遡って検索することができます。
まとめ
ということで、bashのショートカット集でした。
他にもまだありますが、よく使うのはこんな感じだと思います。
それでは良いlinuxライフを。
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